Introduction:
This tutorial is an extension of the problem described in chapter 2. The plate with a
central hole is pulled with a high load which drives the part into the plastic range. The
true stress/true strain curve is provided in tabular form for the plasticity model.
Problem Statement:
The steel plate shown below is subjected to a pressure load P at the two ends. Contrary to
the earlier model in chapter 2, the three planes of symmetry are used to reduce the finite
element model as shown.

Point the cursor to the Steel branch just created in the tree, right-click, and select the
properties from the contextual menu as shown.
The Properties dialogue box shown below opens.
Select the Analysis tab from the list of tabs on the top of the dialogue box. The material
properties supplied by the CATIA database appears. This data can be edited; however,
the material data supplied directly to ABAQUS overrules the CATIA data. You will next
provide the data directly through ABAQUS.
Select More at the bottom right corner. A second Properties dialogue box appears
which is responsible for loading tabs associated with the installed workbenches.
The box is shown below and may take a few seconds before it disappears.
Note that additional tabs will appear in the
Properties dialogue box.
Use the scroll arrow to get access to the
ABAQUS Properties tab.

The next several steps are new and were not required in chapter 2, which was primarily
dealing with linear elastic analysis.
Check the Plasticity box and select the default Isotropic Hardening rule.
Since the material data in the problem under consideration is assumed to be at a fixed
temperature, uncheck the appropriate box.
You are now in the position to input the true stress/true strain data.
The data shown below is for AISI 1020 hot-rolled steel. Note that the first entry in the
table corresponds to the yield strength at the plastic strain of zero.
NOTE: In order to add a new line of data you have to press the Add button.
The first line of the table must be the
yield strength at zero plastic strain.

Recall that the engineering stress/engineering strain data can be converted to the true
stress/true strain data through the following formulas which are valid up to the necking
point.
ln(1 ) true eng
= +
(1 ) true eng eng
= +
Upon the completion of the data entry, press the Apply button which displays
the data in a different format. Close the box by pressing .
Click on the Save icon and save the part file in a directory of your choice. Here we
have created the directory AFC_Tutorial_chap3 storing all the files.

Creating an ABAQUS Step:
The Analysis toolbar has a sub-toolbar labeled Structur
.
Select the General Static Step icon . The dialogue box shown below opens.
Inspect the different options but keep the default entities. Since large plastic deformation
is anticipated, check the Nonlinear geometry to be turned On.
A Static Step-1 branch appears in the tree. Clearly this step belongs to ABAQUSAnalysis-
Case-1.
Press on OK to close the General Static Step dialogue box.
Applying the Pressure Load:
CATIA and ABAQUS for CATIA V5 (AFC) are geometrically based packages. This
means that the restraints and loads have to be applied on the geometrical entities
associated with the part. For example, these entities can be a vertex, an edge, a face, or
the entire body. One cannot apply restraints and loads on nodes or elements.
The mesh that appears on the screen must therefore be replaced with the actual part.